avoid /map topic replacement

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I already know the spawn position of my robot, therefore amcl will just guess where the robot is, without any reason to

amcl will just guess where the robot is

It will not just localize the robot but it will also publish the transform odom -> map that you need. Have you tried it ?

I did, but while the transformation ends up correctly mapping the uploaded map in respect with the odometry, the position of the robot isn't mapped even after multiple iterations, resulting in no collisions whatsoever.

the position of the robot isn't mapped even after multiple iterations

Can you elaborate this ? If there is an "offset" when launching amcl whith the initial pose in amcl node and the initial pose of Gazebo then after moving the robot it should be corrected. If you don't move the robot then this offset won't be corrected. Is that what you meant ?

Yes, there is an offset between the two positions that won't be corrected even after moving the robot

You need to specify the same initial pose to the AMCL node and to the spawn_model node.

But maybe it's something else in the configuration : have you changed some frames/topics names ? If some like scan, odom or map don't have the default value you need to specify it to the AMCL node.

Finally, there are the parameters update_min_d and update_min_a that by default are at the value 0.2 and pi/6 meaning that the position won't be refreshed if the robot haven't moved by more than 20cm or rotated by more than pi/6 rad. So when you said you moved the robot, did you moved it more than those two values (or just one at least) ?

Have a look at the wiki to see all the parameters

Ok now it works! There's still a little bit of bias between the collision perceptions and the loaded map (some walls get hit slightly before than what's rendered) but I can take it. Thanks!