All types of dependencies in ROS Fuerte
This question is not about a concrete problem, but should help explaining the different types of dependencies in ROS Fuerte. (I'm not sure if this is the ideal place for such a reference, but I am making this question public and let's see where it takes us.)
As far as I understand, there are two main types of dependencies: ROS depencies and system dependencies. The first type comprises ROS packages that are: 1) already installed on your system, 2) available from ROS, and 3) available from other sources (e.g. project partners, university labs). I believe that there are also 4) ROS stack dependencies (to be confirmed). Finally, system dependencies are typically libraries, such as Boost and Qt.
Below, I would like to explain how to deal with each type of dependency. Ideally, the process should be automatable so that anyone wishing to use a package with dependencies can do it with the smallest number of steps and the least amount of ROS knowledge possible.