Problem during the installation of cartographer in rosdep

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In the future please make sure to include both your instruction and the result/error as copied from the command line. You appear to be running the command with the wrong path. I can reproduce your error by running rosdep install with . instead of src as an argument for the path.

In general protobuf is not a ROS package so should not be in the workspace. You are either making the scope of the rosdep path to large, or are installing the protobuf inside the workspace incorrectly.

Note that I get other errors as I haven't setup all the necessary system dependencies, but rosdep doesn't error out due to the invalid package.xml

tfoote@snowman4:/tmp/catkin_ws Last: [0] (0s Seconds)
$ rosdep install --from-paths src --ignore-src --rosdistro=${ROS_DISTRO} -y
WARNING: ROS_PYTHON_VERSION is unset. Defaulting to 2
ERROR: the following packages/stacks could not have their rosdep keys resolved
to system dependencies:
cartographer_ros_msgs: Cannot locate rosdep definition for [std_msgs]
cartographer: Cannot locate rosdep definition for [catkin]
cartographer_ros: Cannot locate rosdep definition for [rosunit]
cartographer_rviz: Cannot locate rosdep definition for [rviz]
ceres-solver: Cannot locate rosdep definition for [catkin]

And with the path changed.

tfoote@snowman4:/tmp/catkin_ws Last: [1] (1s Seconds)
$ rosdep install --from-paths . --ignore-src --rosdistro=${ROS_DISTRO} -y
WARNING: ROS_PYTHON_VERSION is unset. Defaulting to 2
Error(s) in package '/tmp/catkin_ws/protobuf/php/ext/google/protobuf/package.xml':
Error(s):
- The "package" tag must not have the following attributes: packagerversion, version
- The manifest of package "protobuf" (with format version 1) must not contain the following tags: extsrcrelease, lead, changelog, providesextension, notes, summary, stability, dependencies, contents, time, date, channel
- The "version" tag must not contain the following children: release, api
- The "license" tag must not have the following attributes: uri

Another solution is to drop a CATKIN_IGNORE file in the protobuf directory, but I'd recommend making sure you're following the tutorial as documented to make sure you don't run into other snafus down the line based on assumptions about the path.