Finally I localized the problem!
Since I am using the turtlebot, I launch turtlebot_navigation gmapping_demo.launch.
If you have a closer look at the launch file, you will recognize that the correct parameters to set are localized in the following launch file:
/opt/ros/groovy/stacks/turtlebot_apps/turtlebot_navigation/launch/includes/_gmapping.launch
Following parameters have a big impact on the update speed:
param name="map_update_interval" value="0.1" .... updates in sec
param name="delta" value="0.1" ...... grid of the map (here each block is 10cm * 10cm)
param name="particles" value="1" .... particles in the filer (default:30, which slows
down the updating procedure)
So I had to change these parameters and everything works fluently.
Hope I could help you with my experience.
BR Daniel