no rviz interface in Ubuntu 11.04 (natty)

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I have exactly the same problem as described in this question, i.e. the rviz interface does not show up if I start roscore and "rosrun rviz rviz".

I have installed the latest ros-diamondback-* packages from the official repository (version 1.4.1-s1308330112~natty). I tried several different window managers including GNOME, Unity, and KDE Plasma. I tried four different computers with Natty, and the most disturbing part is that it works on exactly one machine (with KDE), but for no apparent reason; it is the same hardware (HP Z800 workstation).

I have successfully run Gazebo with Ogre and glxgears, so there is no obvious problem with my 3D acceleration (NVIDIA). There are no helpful error messages in the logs. There are a few warnings and errors, but they show up on the working machine as well.