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I have a similar behaviour, trying to modify the panda simulation tutorial.

After changing to joint_state_broadcaster and adding the other controllers gazebo prompting controllers configured successfully and after a little while the joints goes wild.

my launch file as follows for the panda simulation:

# panda_simulation.launch.py:
# Launch file for the Panda Robot GAZEBO SIMULATION in ROS2 Foxy: ->ported to Humble (Experimental)

# Import libraries:
import os
from ament_index_python.packages import get_package_share_directory
from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node
from launch.actions import ExecuteProcess, IncludeLaunchDescription, RegisterEventHandler
from launch.event_handlers import OnProcessExit
from launch.launch_description_sources import PythonLaunchDescriptionSource
import xacro
import yaml

# LOAD FILE:
def load_file(package_name, file_path):
    package_path = get_package_share_directory(package_name)
    absolute_file_path = os.path.join(package_path, file_path)
    try:
        with open(absolute_file_path, 'r') as file:
            return file.read()
    except EnvironmentError:
        # parent of IOError, OSError *and* WindowsError where available.
        return None
# LOAD YAML:
def load_yaml(package_name, file_path):
    package_path = get_package_share_directory(package_name)
    absolute_file_path = os.path.join(package_path, file_path)
    try:
        with open(absolute_file_path, 'r') as file:
            return yaml.safe_load(file)
    except EnvironmentError:
        # parent of IOError, OSError *and* WindowsError where available.
        return None

# ========== **GENERATE LAUNCH DESCRIPTION** ========== #
def generate_launch_description():

    # ***** GAZEBO ***** #   
    # DECLARE Gazebo WORLD file:
    panda_ros2_gazebo = os.path.join(
        get_package_share_directory('panda_ros2_gazebo'),
        'worlds',
        'panda.world')
    # DECLARE Gazebo LAUNCH file:
    gazebo = IncludeLaunchDescription(
                PythonLaunchDescriptionSource([os.path.join(
                    get_package_share_directory('gazebo_ros'), 'launch'), '/gazebo.launch.py']),
                launch_arguments={'world': panda_ros2_gazebo}.items(),
             )

    # ***** ROBOT DESCRIPTION ***** #
    # PANDA Description file package:
    panda_description_path = os.path.join(
        get_package_share_directory('panda_ros2_gazebo'))
    # PANDA ROBOT urdf file path:
    xacro_file = os.path.join(panda_description_path,
                              'urdf',
                              'panda.urdf.xacro')
    # Generate ROBOT_DESCRIPTION for PANDA:
    doc = xacro.parse(open(xacro_file))
    xacro.process_doc(doc)
    robot_description_config = doc.toxml()
    robot_description = {'robot_description': robot_description_config}

    # ROBOT STATE PUBLISHER NODE:
    node_robot_state_publisher = Node(
        package='robot_state_publisher',
        executable='robot_state_publisher',
        output='screen',
        parameters=[robot_description]
    )

    # Static TF:
    static_tf = Node(
        package="tf2_ros",
        executable="static_transform_publisher",
        name="static_transform_publisher",
        output="log",
        arguments=["0.0", "0.0", "0.0", "0.0", "0.0", "0.0", "world", "base_link"],
    )

    # SPAWN ROBOT TO GAZEBO:
    spawn_entity = Node(package='gazebo_ros', executable='spawn_entity.py',
                        arguments=['-topic', 'robot_description',
                                   '-entity', 'panda'],
                        output='screen')

    # ***** CONTROLLERS ***** #
    # Joint STATE Controller:
    #load_joint_state_controller = ExecuteProcess(
     #   cmd=['ros2', 'control', 'load_start_controller', 'joint_state_controller'],
     #   output='screen'
    #)
    joint_state_broadcaster_spawner = Node(
        package="controller_manager",
        executable="spawner",
        arguments=["joint_state_broadcaster", "--controller-manager", "/controller_manager"],
    )


    # Joint TRAJECTORY Controller2:
    joint_trajectory_arm_controller_spawner = Node(
        package="controller_manager",
        executable="spawner",
        arguments=["panda_arm_controller", "-c", "/controller_manager"],
    )


    # panda_handleft_controller
    joint_handleft_controller_spawner = Node(
        package="controller_manager",
        executable="spawner",
        arguments=["panda_handleft_controller", "-c", "/controller_manager"],
    )


    # panda_handright_controller
    joint_handright_controller_spawner = Node(
        package="controller_manager",
        executable="spawner",
        arguments=["panda_handright_controller", "-c", "/controller_manager"],
    )

    # ***** RETURN LAUNCH DESCRIPTION ***** #
    return LaunchDescription([
        gazebo,
        spawn_entity, 
        node_robot_state_publisher,
        static_tf,
        RegisterEventHandler(
            OnProcessExit(
                target_action = spawn_entity,
                on_exit = [
                    joint_state_broadcaster_spawner,  
                ]
            )
        ),
        RegisterEventHandler(
            OnProcessExit(
                target_action = joint_state_broadcaster_spawner,
                on_exit = [
                    joint_trajectory_arm_controller_spawner,
                    joint_handleft_controller_spawner,
                    joint_handright_controller_spawner
                ]
            )
        ),


    ])