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I guess its a mix of both of your suggestions. The motor node needs to start sending odometry as soon as amcl and move_base start (even if it hasn't moved). The odometry and imu (through the localization node) and amcl will allow the robot to be positionned adequatly on the map with its tf. Then, using the position of the robot, the map and the currently seen obstacles, move_base will compute a local plan to follow the global plan according to various parameters (see base_local_planner parameters). As the robot moves, the position and obstacles are updated and move_base updates its local plan continuously until it reaches the goal.
The graph on the move_base page illustrates quite well how nodes and topics interact.