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It sounds like you don't really know how much processing you'll be doing (that's OK!), which means that you should probably aim for the most powerful CPU you can afford.
In order of increasing price and power, I would recommend:
The Intel NUC is a standard 64-bit processor and will be supported by standard Ubuntu and ROS, so it will be the most compatible with existing packages. It's also the most expensive. The Odroid and the Jetson both have enough processing power to receive camera and depth information from the Kinect, but you will have limited processing power to run computer vision research.
I don't have any experience with the UDOO. They have a dedicated installation page on the ROS wiki, so they're probably well-supported, and the board has good specs.
I would stay away from the BeagleBone; I know several people who have tried to use the Kinect with it and failed because it doesn't have enough CPU or USB bandwidth.
The PandaBoard is getting old at this point. There are newer, more powerful boards on the market now, and I don't think TI is making the OMAP4 processor any more, so support may be limited.