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This is a summary of the answers received in the thread above mentioned.

Output from remote processes is not redirected to local console. An option is to use rxconsole to get it. A further discussion is what can you do when you don't have a graphical (X11) session.

And to the second question, the problem is that the .bashrc of the remote machine is not sourced when launching remote processes, so the remote nodes to be launched are not awared of the ROS_HOSTNAME variable.

In the above example, ssh to the remote machine works due to the address atributte in the machine file, and the master is found beacuse it is launched manually in the remote machine and the ROS_MASTER_URI variable is set to http://fugu-c.local:11311 in the local machine (manually or by .bashrc). But then the remote node uri is http://fugu-c:39451, which can not be resolved.

An option is to set an environment variable ROS_HOSTNAME in the machine file. With this new configuration, remote launching works pretty well:

<launch>
  <machine name="fugu-c" address="fugu-c.local" user="user"
           ros-root="/opt/ros/diamondback/ros/"
           ros-package-path="/home/user/ros:/opt/ros/diamondback/stacks" >
    <env name="ROS_HOSTNAME" value="fugu-c.local" />
  </machine>
</launch>

If the roscore is run on the local machine, the ROS_MASTER_URI may be set in the machine file, too.

Thanks to Tully and Christian for their answers in the original thread. All the merit is theirs.