TLDR: In any nav stack there is a global and local planner, the local planner is the one where you specify velocity limits.
In the documentation it says:
The carrot_planner::CarrotPlanner is a simple global planner...
Global planners are responsible for finding a connected path of cells through a costmap, NOT actually producing the command velocities that are required to execute the plan. The local planner is responsible for generating the command velocities and you will see a v_min/v_max parameter there.
Disclaimer: There are some high order global planners that do take into account kinematic/dynamic constraints at plan time but they aren't relevant to this question.
Also: See the answer to this question or any number of others to learn more clearly the distinction between global and local planning.
Cheers