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I didn't pay much attention to your code, not really sure of what you are trying to accomplish, but I don't think it is a good idea to declare the publishers inside a subscriber callback. As you will be creating the publisher every time you get data on the subscriber, I don't know how this would behave.

Try something like this:

using namespace std;

//REMEMBER! EVERY TIME YOU USE A GLOBAL VARIABLE... GOD KILLS A KITTEN!!! 
ros::Publisher chatter_pubs;
ros::ServiceClient client;

// Messege recieved callback
void chatterCallback(const std_msgs::String::ConstPtr& msg)
{ 
    // Variables
    std_msgs::String actionstr;
    std::stringstream ss;

    // APPL NODE SHIZ
    appl::appl_request srv;


    //Send to POMDP Node
    srv.request.cmd=2;
    srv.request.obs=msg->data.c_str();
    client.call(srv);
    int action=srv.response.action;

    // Get action string
    if (action == 0) {ss << "Listen";}
    if (action == 1) {ss << "OpenRight";}
    if (action == 2) {ss << "OpenLeft";}

    // Publish String
    actionstr.data = ss.str();

    chatter_pubs.publish(actionstr);

    printf("Sent\n");

    printf("Obs: %s  Action: %d - %s\n", msg->data.c_str(), action, actionstr.data.c_str());    

}

    /* ------------------------------------------------ */
    /* ---------------------******--------------------- */
    /* ---------------------*MAIN*--------------------- */
    /* ---------------------******--------------------- */
    /* ------------------------------------------------ */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{ 
    ros::init(argc, argv, "listener");
    ros::NodeHandle n;

    chatter_pubs = n.advertise<std_msgs::String>("actionstr", 1000);

    // Set to Appl client
    client = n.serviceClient<appl::appl_request>("appl_request");

    srand((unsigned)time(0));
    int tiger;//0=left 1=right
    tiger=rand()%2;

    // Reset Appl Controller.
    appl::appl_request srv;
    srv.request.cmd=1;  //reset the controller first
    client.call(srv);
    int action=srv.response.action;
    ROS_INFO("I Listen");
    ros::Subscriber sub = n.subscribe("chatter", 1000, chatterCallback);
    ros::spin();

   return 0;
}