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This is precisely what launch files are for (read more about roslaunch here.) With a launch file, you create a list of ROS commands that you want to run in an xml file, and then when you "launch" the file, all of the commands are executed. Within launch files, you can start nodes, set parameters, parse command-line options, etc. It may seem intimidating to have one more new thing to learn, but my advice is to go ahead and learn how to use launch files early on. They will be very helpful as you learn more about ROS.

If you specifically are interested in recording data using rosbag, check out this question. There is a good example of exactly how to do that.