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Maybe there is now a different best pratice.

well, it was actually never a best practice to publish directly from hardware_interfaces. It was possible, but afaik the idea was always to have controllers publish and subscribe (ie: do all the non RT safe things).

As an alternative I'm thining about a bunch of own StateInterface definitions and perform the Diagnostics in the controller.

exactly, this would be the preferred way.

This is not specific to diagnostics information though. Controllers (or these days also Broadcasters) should be used to interact with the ROS-side.