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I will answer my own question:

After keep looking for answers and trying many combinations, I discover that is all about syntax.

It seems different versions (using directive "plugins:" or not) eventually requires proper manner to write files.

The solution of my issue above was to write the common_costmap_params.xml file as below:

obstacle_range: 2.5
raytrace_range: 3.0

footprint: [[-0.2,-0.2],[-0.2,0.2], [0.2, 0.2], [0.2,-0.2]]

inflation:
  inflation_radius: 0.3
  cost_scaling_factor: 50  # exponential rate at which the obstacle cost drops off (default 10)

obstacle_2d_layer:
    observation_sources: scan
    scan: {data_type: LaserScan, sensor_frame: zed_left_camera_frame, topic: /zed/scan, marking: true, clearing: true, min_obstacle_height: 0.0, max_obstacle_height: 0.5}

plugins: 
    - {name: static_map, type: "costmap_2d::StaticLayer"}
    - {name: obstacle_2d_layer, type: "costmap_2d::ObstacleLayer"}
    - {name: inflation, type: "costmap_2d::InflationLayer"}

As you can see the "inflation" and "obstacle_2d_layer" keywords (as pointed as "name" inside plugins) need to be exposed like that. Doing this obstacles showed up like a charm.