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The existing answer from @tfoote is certainly correct: we don't give any guarantees that cross-distribution communication does work.
But I want to comment on one specific statement:
In practice all recent ROS 2 distributions will generally not communicate as we're still adding features and making improvements at the core from distribution to distribution.
Generally that is incorrect. E.g. you can try the demo_nodes_cpp
/ demo_nodes_py
talker
/ listener
between the latest two distributions Dashing and Eloquent and those definitely work across those distribution.
Therefore I would say you should take a close look at the release page for a new ROS distribution (e.g. https://index.ros.org/doc/ros2/Releases/Release-Eloquent-Elusor/ for Eloquent) and read the changes section carefully. If there are break in compatibility they should be noted there.