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My solution for Ubuntu 16.04, ROS Kinetic, Arduino 1.8.5:

$ sudo apt-get update

Install newest version of Arduino from: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Linux , download page : https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software .

ROS and Arduino Compatibility:

$ sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-rosserial-arduino
$ sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-rosserial

To Install the ros_lib library in my Arduino folder which was built automatically (you may know it as /sketchbook):

$ cd Arduino/libraries/
$ rosrun rosserial_arduino make_libraries.py .

space . is VERY important in the line above

now should have a newly built folder called ros_lib in that directory. You could also validate it by navigating through Arduino IDE:

Open Arduino IDE: File -> Examples -> ros_lib