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The best way to do this is to edit the static map, which you tried, but can be tricky.

Using your altered image file, change the map.yaml to add mode: scale and make sure your occupied threshold is above 0.93 (0xEE / 0xFF). This should make it so that the map topic reflects your new map.

To get this properly read by the global planner, make sure that your static layer has trinary_costmap set to false. Documentation

(Your question made me realize the documentation was out of sync for the map_server, but I've updated it since.)