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ROS has a flaw (feature?) in that it uses a library to so SSH, rather than the usual SSH client. This library does not support the default key algorithm used by the typical SSH client. This means that even though you can SSH to the remote machine, ROS cannot, because the key algorithm isn't supported.

The fix is to remove the stored key in ~/.ssh/known_hosts, then SSH again to the remote machine, specifying the -oHostKeyAlgorithms='ssh-rsa' command-line option to force the use of the the RSA algorithm. Once this is done ROS can connect to the remote machine.

See http://answers.ros.org/question/41446/a-is-not-in-your-ssh-known_hosts-file/ for details.