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"Unfortunately it seems that the robot cannot localize and navigate badly."

In the .world file, you should have the exactly same objects those exist in your .pgm file, so the robot can localize itself using the objects. For example, if you have a black square object in the .pgm file, when you create your .world file, you should put a same size object there. In the gazebo simulation, when the robot gets close to the object, the robot will know "oh there is an object ahead of me in the real world, and there is also one object like this in the .pgm map you gave me. I must be at the front of this object. Yes, I know where I am."