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Let's ignore the vision system for a moment, and focus on wheel odometry and robot_pose_ekf. Your TF tree should look like this (also see this ros-users thread):

map --> odom_combined --> base_footprint --> base_link

... where

• map --> odom_combined is usually published by amcl (optional)
• odom_combined --> base_footprint is published by robot_pose_ekf
• base_footprint --> base_link is a fixed link in your URDF.

The reason for this peculiar choice of frames is that in TF, each frame can only have one parent. Intuitively, one would like to have multiple parents of base_footprint:

• odom --> base_footprint for pure wheel odometry
• odom_combined --> base_footprint for EKF estimation
• map --> base_footprint for AMCL localization

Since this is not possible in TF, the frames are published as a chain (see above). The important part for your problem is that when using robot_pose_ekf, tf publishing from the wheel odometry has to be switched off. Instead, you should only publish nav_msgs/Odometry messages (using odom_combined as the header frame id), which form the input for robot_pose_ekf and can also be visualized in RViz.

In short:

• use odom_combined instead of odom everywhere (or the other way around, but be consistent about it)
• don't publish any TF messages, let robot_pose_ekf do that
• publish nav_msgs/Odometry messages for the wheel odometry and the overhead camera on the /odom and /vo topics, in both cases specifying odom_combined as the header frame id and base_footprint as the child_frame_id.

I hope that helps; otherwise, could you post your TF tree, showing the unconnected frames?