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rosinstall takes a file with the extension .rosinstall, and fetches the contents described within. This is most commonly used to reproduce source code layouts among different users. You can use the rosinstall_generator tool to generate .rosinstall files for many kinds of workspaces. For example this command would generate a .rosinstall file for the desktop variant of ROS hydro:

$ rosinstall_generator desktop --deps --tar --rosdistro hydro

The file will be printed to the terminal and can be captured into a file like this:

$ rosinstall_generator desktop --deps --tar --rosdistro hydro > hydro-desktop.rosinstall

Once you have a .rosinstall file you can use the rosinstall tool to fetch them all to a destination:

$ rosinstall /tmp/ros-hydro-desktop/src hydro-desktop.rosinstall

rosinstall provides other functionality for older ROS distributions like fuerte, but you can read all about rosinstall here:

http://wiki.ros.org/rosinstall

You can install rosinstall on Ubuntu like this:

$ sudo apt-get install python-rosinstall

And on other platforms you can install it from pip:

$ sudo pip install rosinstall