UR10e status

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i can only see if it is in error not if it is a protected stop of emergency button was press. Is there a anther topic where this status is shown or?

that is because robot_status carries industrial_msgs/RobotStatus messages which are generic. "protected stop" is UR nomenclature, not generic.

What you're looking for is called RobotMode. It's the data packet broadcast by the UR controller that contains fields like is_emergency_stopped and is_protective_stopped. In the ur_modern_driver, that data is published in ur_msgs/RobotModeDataMsg messages (on the /ur_driver/robot_mode_state topic):

uint64 timestamp
bool is_robot_connected
bool is_real_robot_enabled
bool is_power_on_robot
bool is_emergency_stopped
bool is_protective_stopped
bool is_program_running
bool is_program_paused

Please note that by integrating these topics (and messages) into an application, you embed an (implicit) assumption into your code that makes it less reusable / reconfigurable (namely: you're checking for the status of a Universal Robot).

Edit:

But if i read this correctly is that there is no topic where the RobotMode data is published to.

As noted in the readme (in the Improvements section) the ur_modern_driver publishes RobotModeDataMsgs on the /ur_driver/robot_mode_state topic.